OCD Subtypes

The DSM - 5 classifies OCD as having recurrent and persistent intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses (obsessions) that cause an individual significant distress. The obsession is then followed by compulsive actions or thoughts aimed at prevention of the distress or feared outcome associated with the obsessions. While the DSM - 5 does not specify specific subtypes, there are several known common subtypes of OCD.

Subtypes of OCD include contamination or concerns with germs/ cleanliness, aggressive or harm related fears, religious or moral concerns (scrupulosity), perfectionism, excessive concern with responsibility, sexual or taboo obsessions, and “just right” OCD. While these are some of the more common presentations of OCD, this is not an all-encompassing list. OCD may present itself in vastly different ways from individual to individual.

Regardless of the subtype of OCD, cognitive behavioral therapy and exposure and response prevention treatment (ERP) have been shown through empirical research to be the gold standard of treatment. However, understanding some of the unique differences in presentation between the subtypes may help guide treatment interventions. While some compulsions may be similar across various subtypes such as reassurance seeking and avoidance. Other compulsions may be more common to specific subtypes such as hand washing and barrier use in contamination OCD or praying and confessing in scrupulosity. Even within subtypes symptoms can vary significantly between individuals. Through clinical interviews and OCD specific assessments, such as the YBOCS symptom checklist, a mental health professional can help an individual narrow down their OCD presentation and develop an individualized treatment plan targeting their symptoms.

See future blogs for details specific to common subtypes.

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